The Central and Eastern European (CEE) region faces significant challenges in meeting the building energy efficiency goals set by the European Union. Despite considerable efforts to renovate the region’s building stock, deep energy savings remain limited, and renovation projects often underperform relative to expectations. With the built environment contributing nearly 40% of the EU’s emissions, and the continued fossil fuel dependence of CEE countries, improving building energy efficiency through renovation is an essential action for reaching the EU’s climate goals.
The Energy Performance of Buildings Directive (EPBD) establishes a framework for improving building energy performance, including standardised calculation methodologies, minimum renovation requirements, and Energy Performance Certificates.
In alignment with the European Green Deal, the “Renovation Wave for Europe” aims to double the energy renovation rate by 2030, serving as a crucial step toward achieving the EU’s decarbonisation targets by 2050. The most recent revision of the EPBD, adopted in 2024, increases the ambition of building-related energy efficiency improvements, with particularly ambitious standards and goals for public buildings.
Considering the EU’s energy efficiency targets, CEE countries face unique challenges, including an ageing building stock, dependence on fossil fuels, and inadequate insulation standards. Decarbonisation efforts are inconsistent across the region, often dependent on government initiatives and varying levels of climate action, and renovation rates reflect a sluggish pace of climate action. In particular, a lack of monitoring of the actual impact of implemented renovations leads to potential delays in achieving renovation goals and an inefficient use of public funding, often used to finance building renovations. To overcome these issues, meet energy efficiency targets and transform its building stock, the CEE region must learn from past experiences and best practices while strengthening policy and implementation frameworks for building renovation. This report shows that many renovation efforts underperform due to common barriers such as poor monitoring and data availability, limited financing, inadequate regulation, and a lack of technical expertise.
The OUR-CEE project aims to shed light on the gap between planned and actual energy performance in renovated public buildings and recommends key strategies to mitigate underperformance. The main goal of this report, part of the OUR-CEE project, is to identify the primary barriers and underlying factors contributing to the low performance of building renovations across the CEE region. It provides an in-depth analysis of the status of the building stock in four CEE countries (Bulgaria, Croatia, Poland, and Romania), highlights common challenges, and offers recommendations to advance policy reforms, enhance financial instruments, and foster innovative solutions to accelerate sustainable and energy-efficient renovations. By implementing these strategies, the CEE region could make significant strides toward overcoming underperforming renovations, thus progressing against its climate goals, while maximising ancillary benefits such as socio-economic development and public health.
OUR-CEE (Overcoming Underperforming Renovations in Central and Eastern Europe) is part of the European Climate Initiative (EUKI) of the German Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK). The opinions put forward in this study are the sole responsibility of the author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK).
Luciana Miu, EPG Head of Clean Economy
Luciana Miu is the Head of Clean Economy at Energy Policy Group. She holds a Master’s degree in Sustainable Energy Systems from the University of Edinburgh and a PhD in Energy Efficiency of Residential Buildings from the Imperial College London. Before joining EPG, Luciana worked for the UK Parliament and for the British Government’s Department of Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS), as well as a consultant for Climate-KIC and London City Hall.
She is passionate about volunteer work, being one of the founding members of European Youth Energy Network and a professional speaker for conferences dedicated to the role of youth in energy transition.
Contact: luciana.miu@enpg.ro