Solar energy is crucial for Romania to meet its decarbonisation goals and to contribute to the European Union’s 2050 climate neutrality trajectory. The REPowerEU initiative sets ambitious targets, aiming for over 320 GW of installed solar photovoltaic (PV) capacity by 2025 and nearly 600 GW by 2030.
Romania, with 1.8 GW of installed PV capacity in 2022, has experienced limited growth compared to countries like Hungary (4.2 GW) and Poland (12.2 GW). The solar power development in Romania has been constrained by several factors, such as legislative unpredictability, delays in the approving connection to the grid, and other bureaucratic hurdles. These challenges have affected the pace of deployment, with most of the capacity added between 2010 and 2016, driven by the green certificate support scheme.
The recent Energy Strategy outlines Romania’s commitment to expanding solar capacity, targeting 8.2 GW by 2030, 21.1 GW by 2040, and 33.3 GW by 2050. Recent initiatives include a €3 billion Contracts for Difference (CfDs) scheme launched in 2024, designed to support solar and onshore wind projects. This scheme aims to install 5 GW of new capacities through two auctions: 1.5 GW in 2024 and 3.5 GW in 2025. Additionally, public and private financial sources, including the MF, the National Recovery and Resilience Plan (NRRP), the Just Transition Fund (JTF), and various schemes financed by the Environmental Fund Agency (AFM) allocate approximately €2 billion to solar energy. This is distributed as follows: €430 million for utility-scale PV, €1.4 billion for rooftop PV, and €104 million for manufacturing. By the end of 2023, Romania’s installed capacities of rooftop PV reached approximately 1.4 GW, with expectations to surpass 2 GW by the end of 2024.
For Bucharest, with power demand for households exceeding 1.5 TWh in 2023, solar panels with a total capacity of 1.23 GW would be needed to meet demand. However, because of the intermittent nature of solar energy production, integrating effective storage solutions is increasingly important. We estimate a needed storage capacity of 2,911 MWh, which is equivalent to the battery capacity of 50,600 Tesla Model Y EVs. Besides, alternative storage technologies, such as seasonal storage of green hydrogen, should be considered in the medium to long term to optimise electricity consumption throughout the year. Despite recent advances, challenges persist in deploying solar energy. The most pressing issues include grid capacity constraints and imbalances experienced by prosumers, along with a lack of predictability in the EU funds implementation calendar and delays in the transposition of EU legislation. Addressing these challenges is decisive for accelerating solar energy adoption. To fully leverage the potential of solar energy and ensure a robust and sustainable energy future, we recommend the following: (1) align RES targets with the EU climate objectives, (2) prioritise energy storage, (3) ensure legislative predictability, (4) develop and adhere to a clear and transparent schedule for upcoming solar energy financing calls, and (5) attract investment in the PV value chain.
Mihai Constantin, EPG Researcher
Mihai Constantin works as a Researcher at EPG. In this position, he is contributing to the activities of the Energy Systems Programme. Mihai has a Master Degree in European Economics at Bucharest University of Economic Studies.
He has expertise on public policies in the fields of energy, climate change and economics.
Before joining EPG, he worked for WWF Romania as Climate & Energy Manager and as Advisor on Public Policies in the Romanian Parliament.
Contact: mihai.constantin@enpg.ro